Princess Lilies -- Perennial in Zone 6

Not all alstroemerias are alike. I have been enjoying my Princess lilies (alstroemeria hybrids from Holland) over the past 6 years. They have been surprisingly winter hardy in zone 6-b where I garden. Further south in zones 7 and 8, Princess lilies prefer part sun to partial shade.

I grow'em on the east side of the garden in full sun. The harsh afternoon sun of summer is filtered through the tall shrubs and trees nearby. Mulching the soil provides extra freeze protection to roots in the winter and guarantees their return next spring.

Princess lilies need little care after planting. I feed'em a handful of granular 10-10-10 around each plant in late winter. Give them a weekly irrigation for 1/2 hour or more during summer dry spells. Plants grow short and compact and are also suitable for containers on the deck or patio.

Currently, there are 17 varieties, richly colored in whites, yellows, pinks and reds. This spring I will be adding 1 or 2 new Princess lilies to the perennial flower border .

'Sky Pencil Holly vs 'Dee Runk' Boxwood

There are few shrubs that fit into narrow spaces better than 'Dee Runk' boxwood (picture on the right). It is a better choice than currently popular cultivar 'Graham Blandy', which is seriously troubled by soil root rot diseases.

'Sky Pencil' Japanese holly (pictured above) exhibits a similar upright (fastigiate) form. Japanese holly demands a well-drained soil, and is very susceptible to several soil root rot diseases.

Both 'Dee Runk' boxwood and 'Sky Pencil' holly grow well in large landscape containers on home patios and along downtown urban streets in USDA zone 7-9. Expected height of 8-10 feet at maturity.

Planting Leyland Cypress May Be a "Big" Mistake

If you live in USDA Plant Zone 6-b - 7, planting leyland cypress (x Cupressocyparis leylandii) could eventually turn into a maintenance diseaster in your landscape. Leyland cypress is a green behemoth, too fast and aggressive for most folks to handle. Ask yourself, "do you really need a 60-70 foot evergreen privacy screen around your property?" If neighbors can't view in, you can't see out.

Many gardeners make the mistake of planting leyland cypress only 6-8 foot apart. Leyland demands a wider 16-18 foot spacing. Unfortunately, leyland is also susceptible to 3 fungal needle blight diseases. Diseases usually don't infect until shrubs are 10 years and older. There are no practical cures (pesticides) for these diseases. Over time the shrubs may need to be removed at a considerable cost to you.

If you must grow tall screens or hedges, I recommend the more dependable Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) or Green Giant arborvitae (Thuja x plicata). In the 20-25 foot height category, plant Nellie R. Stevens holly, Foster#2 holly and Emerald arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis 'Smaragd').

Some great evergreen choices in the 10-15 foot range are leatherleaf viburnum (Viburnum rhytidophyllum), skip laurel (Prunus laurocerasus 'Schipkaensis') and 'Hick's Yew (Taxus x media 'Hicksii').

Beware of Storm Damaged Trees

This past weekend Northeast Tennessee as well as most of the coastal eastern U.S. was hit by heavy snow, 7 inches and more of heavy, wet clinging snow. Many of my neighbors lost electric power, telephone and cable.
A driveby survey of tree damage around the neighborhood found that the following tree species suffered the most breakage (in order of severity):

• Chinese (Siberian) elm
• Silver maple
• White pine
• Weeping cherry (pictured)
• Topped trees
• Bradford (callery) pear
• Red maple
• Dead or dying trees
• Sycamore (London planetree)
• Southern magnolia
• Sweetbay magnolia
• Yoshino cherry
• Dogwood

The type of injury ranged from large falling limbs two inches or more in diameter (Chinese elm, white pine, and silver and red maples) to many small branches less than one inch diameter (weeping cherry. magnolias and dogwoods).

Lessons learned:

1. Select a tree species that is reliably storm resistant. Expect some limb breakage on any tree species, but fast growing trees like Chinese elms and silver and red maples, and those that are not properly maintained, suffer the most damage. When homeowners properly prune landscape trees every 5 years, storm damage is considerably less.
2. Old mature trees, which have outlived their expected life span, should be removed and replanted with younger specimens. For example, Chinese elm, silver maple and white pine reach full maturity within 40 years. Bradford pear has a short replacement time of 15 years. Pruning maintenance on all landscape trees should be every 5-7 years.
3. Topped trees suffered considerable limb losses as the weakened re-growth is exceptionally susceptible to breakage. The topping of trees is never a recommended practice. In my opinion, if a large tree threatens your home, personal property or utility lines, either seek care advice from a professional arborist or have the tree removed by a licensed and bonded arborist.
4. Previously dead or dying trees pose a bigger hazard during in a storm.

Smiling Pansy Faces

Success in blooming pansies and violas in the winter season depends on two key factors: date of fall planting and soil nutrition. If you live in USDA plant zone 6, pansies must be planted by October 15th, two weeks earlier in northerly zone 5, or two weeks later in zone 7. Early fall planting promotes faster and deeper rooting of plants before the cold weather arrives.

Pansies need feeding bi-monthly with 10-10-10 or equivalent fertilizer to achieve maximum bloom potential. Either organic-based or slow release fertilizers are good nutrition sources.

Other pansy ideas:

Offer plants a weekly drink of water if rainfall in your gardening area is low.

In the fall consider interplanting tulip or hyacinth bulbs among the pansies or violas.

Warm weather in mid-May will stretch pansies plants and look "worn out". It is time to plant summer annuals. Remove pansies and add them to the compost pile. Add finished compost to the flower bed before digging in summer annuals.

Baptisia - 2010 Perennial Plant of the Year

Baptisia (Baptisia spp.) is a long lived, low maintenance perennial. This American native thrives in rich well-drained soil under plenty of sunlight. Treat the roots as fragile and permit baptisia one year to establish itself. It will reward you for many years ahead.

Modern day cultivars are usually hybrids. Lovely spikes of purple (B. australis), lavender blue (B. minor), white (B. alba), bright yellow (B. sphaerocarpa) and bicolors appear in May or June and each species blooms for 4-5 weeks. Its blue-gray foliage and sturdy upright shrubby form are assets in the summer garden.

Baptisia is heat and drought tolerant and almost invincible to diseases and insects. Plants grown in partial shade may appear stretched or leggy, requiring some staking. Few flower spikes are produced in shady areas.

Surprise lily (Lycorus)

Surprise lily or resurrection flower (Lycorus radiata) should be ordered in January because of limited available supply. Divisions are shipped fresh dug in June for immediate planting. Flowers emerge in late July and August. Lycorus is long-lived garden perennials, hardy in USDA hardiness zones 6-b thru 9. In the past I have ordered mine from Brent and Becky's Bulbs on-line.

Dogwoods for Spring

More available in 2010 are 5 new disease resistant dogwood varieties from the University of Tennessee. Supply should be better than in past years, but order from your local garden center early before the spring sales rush.

Powdery mildew resistant varieties: 'Appalachian Snow' (pictured), 'Appalachian Blush' and 'Appalachian Mist'

Anthracnose resistant variety: 'Appalachian Spring'

Poet's laurel-great shade garden shrub

Alexandrian laurel or poet’s laurel (Danae racemosa) is a lovely 2-4 foot, low arching, evergreen shrub. It thrives in shady areas of the garden, spreading slowly from root suckers. Poet’s laurel stays in its intended place and does not overwhelm other plants around it. Tiny greenish-white flowers appear in late spring and are often overlooked. By early fall the ½- inch round berries turn bright orange-red and persist to year’s end. Poet’s laurel prefers a moist well-drained soil in the shade garden. You can cut its glossy waxy-green foliage for indoor floral arrangements.

Hardy Forms of Deodara Cedar

• 
  I am surprised by the increasing numbers of deodara cedars (Cedrus deodara) prospering in Zone 6-b and 7 gardens. Perhaps, deodara cedars are much hardier than once thought. The buzz at the recent American Conifer Regional meeting held in Richmond, VA is this list that I am posting here for you to try.
  
  Tree forms:
• 'Karl Fuchs'
• 'Shalimar'
• 'Eisregen'
• 'Eiswinter'
• 'Polar Ice'
  
  Shrub forms:
• 'Feelin Blue'
• 'Glacier Blue' (photo)
• 'Divinely Blue'
• 'Snow Sprite'
• 'Cream Puff'
• 'Aurea'
  

Deodara cedars grow in deep, moist, well-drained, acidic loams in full sun. D-cedars are intolerant of poorly drained wet soils. D-cedars are very drought tolerant once established. I urge providing some protection around young plants from drying winter winds until they become established after two years.

Growing Hardy Camellias

Growing camellias in Tennessee is no longer a dream. Through the efforts of several plant breeders, particularly Dr. William L. Ackerman of the U.S. National Arboretum (retired) and Dr. Clifford Parks of Camellia Forest Nursery, as many as 40 cultivars of winter hardy camellias to -15 °F are now available in nursery commerce. Flower colors range from white and many shades from pink to red.
A great camellia possesses big bloom size, long flowering time and dark green evergreen foliage. Beginners should start with a few outstanding cultivars. ‘Pink Icicle’ (pink semi-double), ‘April Tryst’ (dark red anemone) and ‘April Remembered’ (pink semi-double) begin blooming from late winter thru mid-April. The “winter” series with cultivar names such as ‘Winter’s Star’ (pale pink single in photo) and ‘Winter’s Interlude’ (pink anemone) bloom in early autumn. Currently, the spring-flowering cultivars stand out as possessing the best foliage quality year-round. Fall flowering cultivars have proven to be more dependable in northeast TN where spring frosts are very common.
As soon as the ground can be prepared, balled and burlapped (b&b) plants are planted during late winter to early spring and again from late summer thru mid-October. Container-grown plants may be planted from late winter to mid-October.
In general, the cultural practices for growing camellias are similar to those for azaleas, rhododendrons and hollies. Plants become fully established in two years. Camellias prefer an ideal pH range between 5.5 to 6.5. Camellias are best planted on the east or north side around a home or other buildings on site, preferring filtered sunlight through nearby shade trees rather than from direct sunlight in the afternoon. Low winter humidity may cause premature leaf and flower bud loss. It may be valuable to constructing a burlap windbreak to protect camellias planted in fully open areas.
Add a generous amount of organic matter such as compost, leaf mold or sphagnum peat to the soil. Be careful not to plant camellias too deeply. The crown of the shrub should be planted slightly higher than the surrounding soil. Followed up with the addition of 2 - 3 inches of mulch to help retain soil moisture and to minimize ground freezing and thawing over the winter months. Shrubs may be adequately watered over the first two years, particularly during periods when natural rainfall is low.
Camellias are light, constant feeders. A six-month slow-release fertilizer, applied in late March, should properly feed plants through late summer. An alternative strategy is to nourish plants with an acidifying fertilizer such as Hollytone™, Miracid™ or equivalent once in the months of March, May and July. No nitrogen-based fertilizers should be applied after mid-August to prevent potential bark splitting and other winter injury symptoms.
Many cultivars grow 9 -10 feet in height and 6 - 8 feet in width. Timely pruning shape shrubs to fit within their garden spot. Camellias generally need minimal pruning to remove weak or dead branches, to control shrub size, to develop dense, fuller branched plants, and to renew the vigor of older plants. Renewal pruning for older camellias is best performed in spring before the plants have broken vegetative buds. Taller growing cultivars like 'Pink Icicle' and 'Winter Star' may demand more rigorous cutting back to achieve better plant spread and compactness.
Camellias enjoy relief from most of the pest problems that plague them further south. Significant disease and insect problems may become more common as the popularity of camellias increases. Disease problems are best avoided by planting camellias in the proper location with proper sun, good soil drainage and air movement and supplemental irrigations during extremely dry weather periods. Long summer dry spells often lead to greater outbreaks of stem canker diseases. The leading pest of camellias is scale. Plants should be inspected prior to purchase from garden centers which purchase camellias from nurseries further south.

Reawaken Your Garden In The Fall

Traditionally Labor Day signals the return to school, football season. Here are ten plants that have or will start blooming shortly:
>Sedum “Autumn Joy’, ‘Matrona’, ‘Autumn Fire’
>Goldenrod (Solidago)
>Toadlily (Tricyrtis)
>Fall anemone
>Fall mums, especially old fashioned types like ‘Ryan’s Pink’ and ‘Sheffield Pink’
>Fall Sunflower (Helianthus spp.)
>Asters ‘October Skies’, ‘Raydon’s Favorite’, ‘Purple Dome’
>Encore azaleas: ‘Autumn Ruby’, ‘Autumn Amethyst’, ‘Autumn Coronation', 'Autumn Royalty', and 'Autumn Bravo' are hardy in zone 6b
>Pansies and violas
>Fall crocus and colchicum